Drunk Driving And Drugs Are A Major Problem - 3330 Words

Executive Summary â€Å"Every day, on average, 4 Canadians are killed and 175 are injured in impairment-related crashes† (Canada’s Stats on Drinking and Driving, 2015). With Safe Glass in effect in bars around Canada, this number can be reduced dramatically. Safe Glass is looking to change the way people look at safety in bars, while saving Canadians every day. This product uses technology that tracks the amount of alcohol each customer in the bar has consumed. This makes it easy for the bar tender to cut someone off or find them a safe way home when they have drank too much. Safe Glass also keeps track of the contents of every customers drink. This technology stops all chances of people spiking drinks, which is a major problem in bars today.†¦show more content†¦The primary customers are the bars themselves but Safe Glass will also advertise to the customers of bars because they are a stakeholder. By advertising to the customers of bars, bars using this product will be highly r espected and deemed as safer than other bars. It is proven that customers will more likely go to a bar they feel is safer, which could increase the demand for Safe Glass. The bar industry is a continually growing market with safety becoming more and more of an issue. Safe Glass fits perfectly in this mass market by fulfilling the demand for safety in bars. Right now in bars, the only person who knows the amount of alcohol consumed by customers is the bartender and that is only by memory. Safe Glass gives bars the ability to track the amount of alcohol each customer has consumed while the other main competitors, the regular pint or shot glass have no safety features. The team of highly experienced executives at Safe Glass have the utmost confidence and commitment in the product. To enter the market Safe Glass plans to approach major bars in Ontario while starting to advertise their product to the customers of bars. This indirect and direct approach will create demand for our safety features in bars all around Ontario. In the first year of operation, Safe Glass projects that they will breakeven and make a positive profit of $94,112. Safe Glass is asking $350,000 for 40% of our company. This investment will be used to cover production costs

Cellbazaar, Burgeoning Mobile Marketplace of Bangladesh Free Essays

CellBazaar, Burgeoning Mobile Marketplace of Bangladesh Abstract CellBazaar, MIT Media Lab project, is the biggest mobile based online marketplace in Bangladesh. It is nothing but a platform that contains the information of its customers who are willing to sell their products or services and buyers or people at large go through that information posted by the sellers to search out the product serve their interest best. Cellbazaar is in service industry as well as in IT industry. We will write a custom essay sample on Cellbazaar, Burgeoning Mobile Marketplace of Bangladesh or any similar topic only for you Order Now The main goal of providing service of this organization is to provide error free services to the customer and to fulfill that goal all the activities are run in the organization. Section One: Introduction CellBazaar, often called the Mobile Craigslist of Bangladesh, has provided a martketplace to buy and sell goods and service to Bangladeshis for three and a half years now. Since then, the service has grown and has now user base of just under 4 million. Cell Bazaar processes 1000 posts/day, and founder Kamal Qadir was chosen by the World Economic Forum as a Young Global Leader in 2009. It started its operation in June 2006 that allows people to buy and sell over mobile phones. Nearly 23 million Grameenphone users can buy any agricultural product, such as rice, fish, or chicken, as well as large-scale purchases like an apartment, land, or car, and consumer goods such as a television or refrigerator. People can also offer services, like tutoring, house rent etc. The service is run by the customers: they post items for sale, delete items after they are sold, adjust prices if items fail to sell, and do much more besides. Initially started working in mobile phone platform now it has entered into the Web platform to reach the global audience. Section Two: Overview of Cellbazaar in Bangladesh 2. 1 Idea Generation Kamal Quadir, Bangladeshi by born, originally designed CellBazaar at MIT as a graduate student. In developing countries, the limits on communication technology hinder business. People must travel great distances to get market information. Isolated and uninformed, farmers, traders and business people have little information, and thus no power to bargain with middlemen. CellBazaar was devised to solve this problem. Using this platform, everyone gathers market information so they can make smart business decisions. In the process they provide a birds’ eye view of the entire market for both sellers and buyers (Qadir K. Mohaiemen N. , 2009). 2. 2 Formation Kamal Quadir registered CellBazaar as a U. S. business and moved into rapid-action mode. He raised the necessary capital from Omidyar Network, Barred Rock Capital and Gray Matters Capital in the U. S. Soon, they had registered the company as a Foreign Direct Investor—a process which is normally quite byzantine in Bangladesh had filed a patent application with the Bangladesh patent office, and had signed an exclusive partnership with Grameenphone, the country’s largest mobile operator with 60% market share (Qadir K. Mohaiemen N. , 2009). 2. 3 Growth of Cellbazaar Over the year 2010, Grameenphone is the largest mobile phone operator in Bangladesh with over 23 million subscribers. Dubbed the â€Å"Craigslist of Bangladesh†, it is a mobile application that brings buyers and sellers together in a mobile environment where they can publish and retrieve information on goods or services. 35,396 posts for multiple products in 141 categories are available for viewing, ranging from livestock to education services to agri-produce to electronics. Users pay standard SMS, WAP and voice rates to access the service. Accodring to the world’s number one web site rating organization Alexa the web page of the CellBazar is in the 53th position in Bangladesh and its 98. % of the browse are made from Bangladesh. According to the www. alexa. com (viewed 16 December 2010, at BDT 2:58 pm) daily page viewed of cellbazaar is 13,011 and its daily advertisement cost is $238. 12. The diversity of products posted has resulted in constant innovation and change. As the company grows and matures, it looks set to be the first Internet model startup in Bangladesh’s history, with global media interest, local imitators, overseas expansion plans, and international-standard management and staffing. 2. Platform of Operation (http://corp. cellbazaar. com/) Short Message Service (SMS): SMS has been phenomenally popular since its introduction in Bangladesh. CellBazaar leverages the simple, widespread power of SMS to bring the market to phone. Wireless Application Protocol (WAP): WAP is the next generation of mobile phone technology. 12% of all mobile sets in Bangladesh are already WAP-enabled, and this number is growing rapidly. WAP provides an even faster experience as you browse a simple graphic menu to access the entire market space. WEB: WEB version shows the entire market at a glance on computer screen. Anyone with internet access can browse the market, and post items for sale. Interactive Voice Response (IVR): Any Grameenphone user can dial 3838 and listen to the latest items on the market in Bengali. After dialing 3838, users choose from 8 categories: Jobs, Mobile Phones, Agriculture, Motorcycle, Car, Electronics, Computers, and To-Let. Every few hours, users will hear new information through this service. 2. 5 Partners (http://corp. ellbazaar. com/) Grameenphone (GP): Grameenphone is the largest mobile telecommunication operator in Bangladesh by revenue and subscribers base. It incorporated on October 10, 1996 as a private limited company and commenced service on the independence day of Bangladesh- March 26, 1997. Grameenphone Community Information Centre (GP CIC): It is a shared premise for both Cellbazaar and GP. Katalyst: Katalyst aims at poverty reduction via private sector growth, mainly through small medium enterprises (SME) development. KATALYST is funded by DFID, SDC, Swedish Sida and Canadian CIDA and is implemented by Swisscontact and GTZ International Services and works together with the Bangladesh Ministry of Commerce Thakral: It is a Joint Venture between the Thakral Group of Singapore (operating in 30 countries) and Esquire Group of Bangladesh. Thakral is IBM’s exclusive representative in Bangladesh and works on software development on mainframes, data warehousing, etc. BracNet provides enterprise organizations with a high-speed dedicated Internet access via a Cisco Powered backbone engineered for mission critical data. It is an affiliation of Brac, the world’s largest non-government organization BRAC Bank Limited (BBL): BBL with institutional shareholdings by BRAC, International Finance Corporation (IFC) and Shorecap International has been the fastest growing Bank in 2004 and 2005. The Bank operates under a â€Å"double bottom line† agenda where profit and social responsibility go hand in hand as it strives towards a poverty-free, enlightened Bangladesh. Prothom Alo: Bangla daily newspaper â€Å"Prothom Alo† is Bangladesh’s largest circulation Bengali language newspaper and a key influence on cultural trends. CellBazaar provides Prothom Alo classifieds on the mobile phone. The Daily Star: English daily newspaper â€Å"The daily Star† is Bangladesh’s largest circulation English language newspaper. CellBazaar provides Daily Star classifieds on the mobile phone. Section Three: Conclusion and Recommendation 3. 1 Conclusion CellBazaar is a virtual marketplace that allows buyers and sellers to connect with one another and buy and sell goods and services using their mobile phones. CellBazaar enables entrepreneurs and small businesses in Bangladesh to start and grow operations in a market that wouldn’t otherwise be available in their local community, thereby creating jobs, stimulating the economy, and delivering products and services that improve the lives of millions of poor people. The service is not just mobile classified ads but a social development service. It cuts outs the middlemen for buyers and sellers which means more profit and savings for them. 3. 2 Recommendation CellBazaar successfully provides over 3. million buyers and sellers in Bangladesh masses of market information at their fingertips, unlike similar environments in developing markets. However, CellBazaar is limited to search facilities only. Its effectiveness in providing users with the full potential of mCommerce is restricted by two key factors: 1. A lack of a secure and trusted payment method to complete transactions on the system; and 2. A lack of cost-effective, reliable infrast ructure to permit delivery of goods to take place through the system. In addition, a critical success factor that is required in order to enable transactions to be completed on the system is trust between parties: trust that sellers will deliver goods that fit the description and quality standards previously communicated, and trust that the buyer will make the payment. In other more sophisticated cellbazaar trusts is ensured by feedback mechanisms; this includes buyer and seller ratings, comment facilities, etc. A lack of policies which offer some kind of safeguards, should there be a breach in trust by either party will deter parties from engaging in transactions in an eMarketplace. References 1. Qadir K. Mohaiemen N. , â€Å"Cellbazar: A Market in your Packet†, innovation/mobile world congress, 2009, pp. 59-71 2. Stevenson. J. W. , â€Å"Operation Management†, McGraw-Hill Irwin, 2009, pp. 397-471 3. http://corp. cellbazaar. com/ 4. www. wikipedia. org 5. www. alexa. com 6. CB Amazon – lirneasia. net ———————– WEB IVR WAP SMS Platform GP BRAC Net Thakral Katalyst GPCIC Prothom Alo The Daily Star BRAC Bank Content Partners Technological Partners Educational Partners Core Partners Partners How to cite Cellbazaar, Burgeoning Mobile Marketplace of Bangladesh, Essay examples

Tata Motors Unveils New Zest Sedan for Target - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theTata Motors Unveils New Zest Sedan for Target Market. Answer: Introduction The report will discuss in detail about the revamp strategy of Tata Motors in India with the help of a case study. Here it is important to understand that India in current time demographically and economically is positioned well for development since it is effectively serving local demand as well as rise in the options of export alternatives (Luthra et al., 2011). There is a forecasted rise in the working class population in India and it is also likely to assist as well as change the flourishing market for number of vehicles in private space. There is no doubt rise in the overall prosperity with simpler access to money and rise in affordability is also expected to see high volume of four wheelers in addition to two wheelers and it will also remain the main alternative for many purchasers supported by rise is in standard of living in rural areas as well as youth market including more and more women. Target Market Alternatives for Zest Sedan along with Best Alternative Following are the type of segmentation in Indian automobile industry for a vehicle like Zest Sedan to sustain: - Geographic: this kind of segmentation is considered one of the crucial grounds of segmentation in the present automobile sector specifically in large countries like India. The reason is that the situation here is different in different regions. In order to take segmentation in the country, the manufacturer of tractor usually aim on different areas where agriculture of main significance and will target on those farmer who have large amount of land based on holding and have the right kind of resources to buy the tractor (Govindan et al., 2010). On the contrary, there are number of commercial automobile companies as well that would actually segment the whole market on the basis of focus of sectors in different region. In addition to it, there are luxury car manufacturers as well that will actually target the region of metropolitan cities for the purpose or motive of sales of their product where the small care manufacturers will also take into consideration the development of cities and many townships by taking into account at the time of process based segmentation of the products (Ray and Ray, 2011). Demographic: another significant basis for the same in the automobile sector is demographic segmentation. This kind of segmentation work as a base of marketing of products as per the income, age and status. Carmakers of small cars like Nano and many similar cars in this segment will mainly aim on the segment of people attached to the middleclass and it comes under demographic kind of segmentation (Jahanshani et al., 2014). Psychological: this type of segmentation comes up with diverse kinds of models of the products. This has been because of the case based on cars and where companies normally come up with two or sometime three kind of similar model and it has been also noticed by the analyst of industry that these variants of the medium of the model can sell the most of the products (Sturgeon and Van Biesebroeck, 2010). Behavioral: this type of segmentation is done on the basis of advantages that are sought through different status like loyalty and many more. This is an significant kind of segmentation in the automobile sector and it is important for many luxury car manufacturers (Ray and Ray, 2011). The best kind of target market or the basis of segmentation for Zest sedan which Tata Motors must take is Demographic segmentation and divide the market as per the income level and affordability of the people since the car is made for middle income group. Different ways for the research study on Zest Sedan along with option It is important to understand here that when there is an attempt to study a population, it is important to collect information from every part and every person in that group. This further makes it very challenging to study the concept of population. For instance, in case of the study based on population suffering from Schizophrenia in country like India can be huge or opinion of the people or total population liking raisins can also be different and huge (Ill, 2014). So now one can understand the challenges while understanding and studying populations. There are smaller populations like college that are easier for collecting data for population. But the main challenge here is that if one person also fails to be a part of population, this can mean that there is no population at all. There are two kind of population or it is divided into two groups: - Target population which means that there is whole group of people to which the author or the person who is researching can base to generalize the finding of complete study. Accessible population: this kind of population means that the researcher actually has a reasonable or proper access and can be treated as a subset of the whole target population. It is usually limited to region, city, country, regions or some time an organization or an institution (Ill, 2014). In this case Zest Sedan from Tata Motors will have to take accessible population because it is important to accessible population here since the product launch will target a specific region and a specific class of people for which is car is made and it is actually suitable for them (Ill, 2014). Types of defining Sampling Frame for the research study on Zest Sedan along with option At the time of working the research study, it is important that people clarify all types of units that are actually interested in studying the samples. There are units that can be associated with people, companies or the present documents. The research will also cover these units with varied population of interest. At the time of discussing the population, it is also significant to be as specific as possible. The issue here is that it is cannot be always about the feasibility of the studying the each unit in the population. It is obvious that the process consumes a lot of time and it is not very inexpensive by nature and can cost a fortune to some in order to collect data from every person in the population (Smolensky and Fitzgerald, 2010). In such cases, it is also important to study a part or subset of the population in the form of sample which will make the process much convenient and simple. The overall process at the time of selecting the sample requires being quite deliberate b y nature and there are different kinds of sampling methods that can be used based on the motive of research. Before the selection of a sample one requires discussing the sampling frame and is actually a list of all kinds of population based on interest. The research can be conducted with research finding to the population discussed and defined with the help of sampling frame only. Types of Defining Sampling Approach for the Research Study on Zest Sedan along with Option There are number of social researchers who base their observation on the fact that getting information from people in the population is very difficult and some time not very possible. So in the place of an attempt to collect all kind of information, the trick here is to collect a small sample of population (Smolensky and Fitzgerald, 2010). However, population like anything else has different kinds to collect a sample for population. There are different manners of taking a samples and following are different kind of sampling techniques: Random sample: every person in the population must get the equal opportunity of getting selected. Stratified sample: An author can easily divide the population into varied group based on features, and sometimes researchers can randomly select from every group which is based on the overall size (Marucco et al., 2011). Quota based sample: the authors can intentionally set the needs to make sure a specific group that can be presented. Purposive: an author sometimes with motive aims on specific subset in the population. Convenience: the overall selection in this kind of sample is usually based on the overall need of the gaining the access. Probability and non-probability techniques: the basic different or distinction between probability and non-probability methods of sampling that these kind of sampling does not based on any random selection however, probability sampling does depend on the random samples. This means that non-probability samples never relies on the overall rationale of the present probability principle. Sometime, a probabilistic based sample is based on some odds or possibility that people have in representing the population in right manner (Thompson, 2013). Here estimation is easy with confidence based intervals for the statistics. Various non-probability samples may also show the population in right manner and it usually will be very hard for people to understand the concept. Generally, the authors or researchers asks especially for probabilistic or random sampling approach over non-probability one and further consider them to more right as well as rigorous by nature. At the same time, there are vario us applied science based there can be situation where it may not be very feasible or right or sometimes very practical to perform such random based sampling. The case study of Zest Sedan launch by Tata motors can use the stratified sampling approach. This approach helps in dividing the population into distinct groups and they are termed as strata. Probability samples or simple random sample is also drawn here from every group (Thompson, 2013). This kind of sampling will help Tata Motors to decrease the overall size of sample needed to accomplish a given amount of precision. It is also possible to raise the level of precession with same type of sample size. Effectiveness of Stratified Approach One of the biggest benefits of using stratified approach in this case here is that it helps in decreasing the biasness in selection. It is also important to understand here that the process of stratifying the complete population before the actual application of random sample technique assist in making sure that a sample can rightly show the population being a part of terms of the criteria being used for the sake of stratification (Thompson, 2013). The process will be effective also because it can be used in appropriate manner since it make sure that every group or subgroup within the existence of population is able to reach a right of representation within the present sample. Conclusion On local level, there are some kind of consolidation or in other word alliances that are expected as well as driven with the need to access for the better based of technology with right manufacturing abilities, services and finally an effective distribution channels. The component sector is also in a very strong space to take full advantage of cost effectiveness along with profitability and global recognition with many engineering abilities (Thompson, 2013). The advantages of the present collaboration is becoming more clear along with super specialist that can further emerge as the automobile that can be treated as a whole system with every specialist aiming on a kind of sub-system as well. Reference Govindan, K., Kannan, D. and Noorul Haq, A., 2010. Analyzing supplier development criteria for an automobile industry.Industrial Management Data Systems,110(1), pp.43-62. Ill, P.A.R.T., 2014. SAMPLING CONCEPTS Population.Nursing Research-E-Book: Methods and Critical Appraisal for Evidence-Based Practice, p.231. Jahanshani, A.A., Hajizadeh, G.M.A., Mirdhamadi, S.A., Nawaser, K. and Khaksar, S.M.S., 2014. Study the effects of customer service and product quality on customer satisfaction and loyalty. Luthra, S., Kumar, V., Kumar, S. and Haleem, A., 2011. Barriers to implement green supply chain management in automobile industry using interpretive structural modeling technique: An Indian perspective.Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management,4(2), pp.231-257. Marucco, F., Boitani, L., Pletscher, D.H. and Schwartz, M.K., 2011. Bridging the gaps between non-invasive genetic sampling and population parameter estimation.European Journal of Wildlife Research,57(1), pp.1-13. Ray, S. and Ray, P.K., 2011. Product innovation for the people's car in an emerging economy.Technovation,31(5), pp.216-227. Smolensky, N.L. and Fitzgerald, L.A., 2010. Distance sampling underestimates population densities of dune-dwelling lizards.Journal of Herpetology,44(3), pp.372-381. Sturgeon, T. and Van Biesebroeck, J., 2010. Effects of the crisis on the automotive industry in developing countries: a global value chain perspective. Thompson, W. ed., 2013.Sampling rare or elusive species: concepts, designs, and techniques for estimating population parameters. Island Press.

Public sector reform in China

Introduction The public sector or rather known as the state sector is that part of the government that deals with provision of services to the public. Though the administration and type of services provided differs from country to country, the most common services provided through the public sector include; health care facilities, roads, street lighting, military and police just to mention but a few. In other words, the public sector is responsible for providing the public goods and services which all have access to despite whether they have paid tax or not.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Public sector reform in China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The public sector of any nation has an important role to play in the political, social and economic sectors. Thus most countries are yearning to establish a sizeable public sector and China is no exception. It is for this reason that China has been seeking to make reforms in its public sector for effective government of the national resources as well as other reasons. However, the process of making public reforms in the public sector of China has not been an easy one as it has been faced with many challenges and difficulties during implementation. This paper is therefore an analysis of the process of reforming China’s public sector while looking at the challenges and difficulties faced during the implementation process. The historical narrative of public sector reforms of China For a long time now, China’s government has ventured into the process making important reforms to the public sector in a bid to achieving good governance as well as improving the performance of services of the civil society. The process of China’s public sector reforms began as early as during the Second World War. During this time, Chine was dominated by capitalist who wanted everything for themselves. There came the Neo-liberals whose ide as were to blend in the liberal political views with the sole aim of improving the economic growth. This is therefore what initiated the beginning of making reforms in the public sector so as to ensure that resources were equally distributed to the nationalities. At the same time China was undergoing severe fiscal crisis which in turn affected the economy of the country thus the economic crisis. This came about due to the great Asian crises which were more serious than the current global crisis. This is because they had a great impact on the economies of Asian countries by for example increasing the unemployment levels in that continent among other factors. The crises also had a great impact on the education and health sectors of the Asian countries, China inclusive. Since government intervention was difficult, the crises affected the poor people in the society. As a result, the government of China saw the need of making reforms in its public sector so as to ensure some of the essen tial facilities were available to the society and especially to the poor people.Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition to this, China has been trying to quench its thirst for effective and efficient public sector. The government has been yearning to improve the performance of civil services as well as improving the services to the public through accountability. Despite the fact that in the recent past improvements has been made, serious changes are yet to be made on the key sectors and systems of the public sector (McMillan and Naughton 132). Another thing that influenced the need to make reforms in the public sector of China is the influence of neo-liberal ideas and consequential criticism of the Weberian based public administration. This emphasised on economic growth of china which could be effectively improved by the efficiency in the public sector. This was a two w ay, in that citizens who are happy with the government will be willing to work hard thus improving the economy growth. At the same time, reforms on the public sector would lead to cost benefit to the government thus contributing to the productivity hence economic growth of the country. Public reforms made in China Beyond the historical background of the public sector they are seen to have a very high degree of heterogeneity characterised by the following pre-reform regime (Burns 104). The public sector was neither a government department nor a state owned enterprise. It was fully owned and managed by the central government. This sector got its funds from the national budget which it used to finance all its projects. The activities of the public sector were to be conducted in accordance with the state plan The staffs of the public sector were to be controlled by the civil service personnel. The operations of the public sector were barred from the market operations. From the aforeme ntioned points, it is clearly seen that there was need for the reforms to be made on the public sector of China. Some of these reforms include; Decentralisation from central to local government This was among the initial reforms made to the public sector whereby the local government was bestowed the duty of managing and providing public services. This was meant to ensure efficiency in terms of transparency of the provision of the public goods and services unlike when under the management of central government. The breakdown of duties from the busy central government to the less occupied local government was a good move since the society benefited from the services provided equally while the government reduced the amount of resources that initially went to waste due to inefficiency.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Public sector reform in China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reduction of public services provided by the state As mentioned above, public goods and services are usually provided to the entire society and accessed by all despite whether they have paid taxes or not. The funds to provide these services are usually from the taxpayers’ money. Thus reducing the amount of public services to be provided by the state was a good move by China’s government as the money could be channelled towards other developmental projects. A good example was the withdrawal of free education while still providing essential services such as military and roads among others. Increasing the practise of local government of charging fees for basic services’ These services were initially free thus the government had to fund their provision. Therefore the decision to charging little fee on these services enabled the government to save while at the same time earning from the fee charged. This would therefore upgrade the economy of the country. Market sector implementation in EPZs Th e Export Processing Zones have the benefit of earning foreign exchange for the country as well as providing employment. Since provision of employment to the public is among the core functions of any public sector, China’s government plan to implement the export processing zones was one of the important reforms which benefited the society. De-collectivisation of the rural commune system The rural areas of any nation form part of the great contributors to the country’s economy. As part of its reforms in the public sector, China decided to de-collectivise the rural commune system such that it would control it towards efficiency of the whole system. These are just some of the reforms made on the public sector, however, the process is continuous with reforms being made each time there is a need for one. This is due to the rapid rate of globalization which calls for each and every government to be on the lookout before being beaten up by the global competition. Challenges Fa cing Public Sector Reforms The process of making reforms on the public sector has not been a bed of roses for the Chinese government as it has been forced to meet and overcome many challenges in the process line (Jincheng 5). To begin with is the problem of introducing the new public management service in the country. The new public management is among China’s reforms on the public sector which entails the transformation of the mode of governance in public departments.Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It therefore requires them to be market and enterprise oriented such that the process of administration is modernised in the country. The implementation of the new public management is a big challenge to the government of China given its difficulty in administration which is only best suited to the private products and the service demanded products that can be provided by the market. The other challenge that the Chinese government is facing as a result of the public reforms is that of protecting the civil servants from arbitrary removal. For a long time in China, the civil servants have been faced with arbitrary removal from their positions given the high rate of corruption. This is something very difficult to overcome despite the fact that the public sector reforms have catered for it. Therefore, for the public sector under the local government to protect the civil servants is a big challenge. The third challenge facing the government of China as a result of public sector reforms i s protecting their political neutrality. After the public sector reforms, the political environment in China is deemed to be neutral. This is a new development whose chances of achievement and survival are very minimal given the fact that the political environment was heterogeneous from time immemorial. This abrupt change is therefore bound to pose a great challenge to the public sector once the reforms are effectively implemented (Schiere 78). In addition to the above challenges, there is also the challenge of policing the set rules by an independent body from the government. Since the public sector is not able to pollicise all the rules on its own, it has to subcontract some of them to an independent body to help in the implementation and policing. This is a challenge as it will require financial resources from the government as well as some formal training on the processes. In some cases acquiring the right independent body is a challenge as well getting one that will efficiently pollicise the rules. Last but not least is the greatest challenge of the merit reforms of the public sector of China. The merit reform of China encompasses the merit pay systems of the public sector such as the health facilities, teachers in schools just to mention but a few. The aim of the merit system is to stimulate the enthusiasm of the workers in the public sector so that they can work efficiently and effectively. The government will face a big challenge in implementing the merit reforms as it will require supplementary funds which may not be available in the government. Therefore, the government will face the challenge of sourcing the additional funds which could be from the taxpayers or donors among others. How does it harm or benefit the Chinese citizens and government The process of reforming the public sector has both positive and negative impacts on the citizens and the government. The same case applies to China, whose reforms have resulted to benefits to the government and its citizens while at the same time causing draw-backs. If the objectives of the China reforms of the public sector are attained, then the citizens will enjoy many benefits among them being; Improved performance of the public sector- The public sector is enacted by the government to take care of the public needs. Therefore, if reforms are made regarding its governance, then it means that the Chinese citizens will have access to the essential public services such as the military at all times without instances of failure (Chen et al, 217). Accountability- This means that the funds allocated to the public sector will be well spent since the responsible officials are obliged to give an account of how the funds are spent. This will therefore reduce the cases fraudsters thus ensuring that the public services are available at all times in adequate levels. Improved Service Delivery- This was among the objectives of China’s reforms on public sector such that when achieved, the pub lic services and goods will be provided in the right way. That is to mean that the service delivery will be upgraded so that the citizens have access to them and in the correct form and quality. For example, the military will be well equipped with good ammunition to safeguard the citizens. Increased user satisfaction- After the reforms, the citizens will be satisfied with public services in accordance to their provision and efficiency of the system. This satisfaction will therefore increase the zeal of the citizens to pay taxes since they can effectively determine where their money goes to. For instance, if citizens lack services like street lighting, good infrastructure and poor military and police forces, they will not be motivated to pay taxes since their money is just being consumed by the government officials without serving the right purpose it is supposed to. The Chinese government will also benefit from the public sector reforms by first gaining trust from the citizens. Afte r the reforms, public services will be efficiently provided thus making the citizens gain a lot of trust in the responsible government since it will have efficiently managed their funds in addition to caring about the welfare of its citizens (Copenhagen 1). Other than this, the government will have an easier way of managing the public services since it will now be the duty of the local government and not the central government unlike before. This is due to the fact that the central government has a lot of operations to carry out as compared to the local government which additionally is closer to the citizens. Negative impacts of the public sector reforms It can be born witness that the reforms on the public sector have more benefits than harm on both the government and Chinese citizens. Nevertheless, the process of making the reforms is very costly to the government consuming a lot of financial and time resources. Other than this, the reforms require that the government be very effe ctive and efficient in the provision and management of the public services while taking care of the resources. This obligation poses a threat to the officials since they are accountable of any procedure and activity they carry out. As for the case of the Chinese citizens, the tax evaders will be disadvantaged as the government will be on the lookout for them so as to ensure uniformity of all citizens without oppressing other. Another demerit on the citizens is that some of the services that were initially free for them will be withdrawn making them pay for them. In other instances, they will be required to pay higher taxes so that the government can efficiently provide the public utilities to the citizens. The difficulties faced in implementation of new public sector and the possible solutions Just like most countries, China has the dream of being an all-round well off society by the year 2020. This vision is to be achieved only if the political and economical sectors of the country are up to date. This is to mean that the government should broaden their vision to think of sustainable human development instead of only concentrating on political issues. The government should also be prepared to overcoming disparities in the service delivery sector thus ensure transparency, efficiency as well as integrity. The process of achieving all these is not an easy one as there are very many difficulties that have to be overcome in order to ensure proper implementation of reforms in the public sector. The biggest difficulty that China is facing is how to ensure that the public services are adequately provided to the society. This is because the public good s and services are available to all regardless to whether they have paid taxes or not. It is therefore unfair for the tax evaders to enjoy services which they have not paid for yet their counterparts the tax payers have struggled to pay for them. This is what brings about the free-riding problem which is very difficult to overcome. Hence, the public sector has at times faced inadequate funds to cater for the provision of these essential services, thus posing a great threat for them. In other instances, the funds to provide the public service have landed in the wrong hands of fraudsters who embezzle the funds thus no services to the public (Broadman 852). Secondly is the problem on how to develop an efficient public sector one that will be characterised as a modern market economy as well as a â€Å"well-off† society. A modern economy is characterised by transparency in its dealings and effectiveness in service provision. This is difficult to achieve given the bureaucracy required in the provision of the public goods and services as well as the presence of tax defaulters. Therefore, to overcome these implementation difficulties and the many minor ones, the public sector reform should be enacted to begin with a vision which the sector should be entitled to look at and achieve. Thereafter a str ategy with implementation plans should be put in place so as to ensure efficiency in the public sector is achieved. Conclusion Given the above discussion on the public sector reform of China, it is evidenced that the decision by the Chinese government to make reforms on its public sector was a worth making decision. The historical factors that facilitated the need for reforms such as the economic and fiscal crisis, quest for efficiency and effectiveness in the public services, the post world war two neo-liberals as well as the influence of neo-liberal ideas and consequential criticism of the Weberian based public administration all have much contribution to China’ s current position. However, the road to achieving the reforms has not been an easy one for the Chinese government which has been faced with many challenges together the difficulties during implementation of the new public sector to the country. On the other hand, it has been seen that the new public sector after th e reforms has had both benefits and negative impacts on the citizens as well as the government. All in all the public reforms have changed the face of Chinese public sector thus contributing greatly to its economic growth. The question then remains, Are the reforms in the public sector permanent or prone to change? It can be argued that reforms are prone to change given the changes in globalisation and technology. Works Cited Broadman, H. The Business (es) of the Chinese State. 2001- World Economy. 24 (7). Pp.849-875. Burns, John. Public Sector reform and the state: The case of China. 2001. McGraw Hill publications. Chen, K, Jefferson, G, and Singh, I. â€Å"Lessons from China’s Economic Reform.† 1992- Journal of Comparative Economics, 16 (2). pp. 201-225. Copenhagen. â€Å"Globalization and Public Sector Reforms in India and China.† 2011. Web. Jincheng, Li. China’s Human Resources Development and Public Sector Reform  Facing Economic Globalization. 200 1. Web. McMillan, J. and Naughton, B. â€Å"How to Reform a Planned Economy: Lessons from China?†- 1992, Oxford Review of Economic Policy. 8 (1). Pp.130-143. Schiere, Richard. China’s Development Challenges. – 2009. Routledge Print. This research paper on Public sector reform in China was written and submitted by user Naomi Woodard to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.