Drunk Driving And Drugs Are A Major Problem - 3330 Words

Executive Summary â€Å"Every day, on average, 4 Canadians are killed and 175 are injured in impairment-related crashes† (Canada’s Stats on Drinking and Driving, 2015). With Safe Glass in effect in bars around Canada, this number can be reduced dramatically. Safe Glass is looking to change the way people look at safety in bars, while saving Canadians every day. This product uses technology that tracks the amount of alcohol each customer in the bar has consumed. This makes it easy for the bar tender to cut someone off or find them a safe way home when they have drank too much. Safe Glass also keeps track of the contents of every customers drink. This technology stops all chances of people spiking drinks, which is a major problem in bars today.†¦show more content†¦The primary customers are the bars themselves but Safe Glass will also advertise to the customers of bars because they are a stakeholder. By advertising to the customers of bars, bars using this product will be highly r espected and deemed as safer than other bars. It is proven that customers will more likely go to a bar they feel is safer, which could increase the demand for Safe Glass. The bar industry is a continually growing market with safety becoming more and more of an issue. Safe Glass fits perfectly in this mass market by fulfilling the demand for safety in bars. Right now in bars, the only person who knows the amount of alcohol consumed by customers is the bartender and that is only by memory. Safe Glass gives bars the ability to track the amount of alcohol each customer has consumed while the other main competitors, the regular pint or shot glass have no safety features. The team of highly experienced executives at Safe Glass have the utmost confidence and commitment in the product. To enter the market Safe Glass plans to approach major bars in Ontario while starting to advertise their product to the customers of bars. This indirect and direct approach will create demand for our safety features in bars all around Ontario. In the first year of operation, Safe Glass projects that they will breakeven and make a positive profit of $94,112. Safe Glass is asking $350,000 for 40% of our company. This investment will be used to cover production costs

Cellbazaar, Burgeoning Mobile Marketplace of Bangladesh Free Essays

CellBazaar, Burgeoning Mobile Marketplace of Bangladesh Abstract CellBazaar, MIT Media Lab project, is the biggest mobile based online marketplace in Bangladesh. It is nothing but a platform that contains the information of its customers who are willing to sell their products or services and buyers or people at large go through that information posted by the sellers to search out the product serve their interest best. Cellbazaar is in service industry as well as in IT industry. We will write a custom essay sample on Cellbazaar, Burgeoning Mobile Marketplace of Bangladesh or any similar topic only for you Order Now The main goal of providing service of this organization is to provide error free services to the customer and to fulfill that goal all the activities are run in the organization. Section One: Introduction CellBazaar, often called the Mobile Craigslist of Bangladesh, has provided a martketplace to buy and sell goods and service to Bangladeshis for three and a half years now. Since then, the service has grown and has now user base of just under 4 million. Cell Bazaar processes 1000 posts/day, and founder Kamal Qadir was chosen by the World Economic Forum as a Young Global Leader in 2009. It started its operation in June 2006 that allows people to buy and sell over mobile phones. Nearly 23 million Grameenphone users can buy any agricultural product, such as rice, fish, or chicken, as well as large-scale purchases like an apartment, land, or car, and consumer goods such as a television or refrigerator. People can also offer services, like tutoring, house rent etc. The service is run by the customers: they post items for sale, delete items after they are sold, adjust prices if items fail to sell, and do much more besides. Initially started working in mobile phone platform now it has entered into the Web platform to reach the global audience. Section Two: Overview of Cellbazaar in Bangladesh 2. 1 Idea Generation Kamal Quadir, Bangladeshi by born, originally designed CellBazaar at MIT as a graduate student. In developing countries, the limits on communication technology hinder business. People must travel great distances to get market information. Isolated and uninformed, farmers, traders and business people have little information, and thus no power to bargain with middlemen. CellBazaar was devised to solve this problem. Using this platform, everyone gathers market information so they can make smart business decisions. In the process they provide a birds’ eye view of the entire market for both sellers and buyers (Qadir K. Mohaiemen N. , 2009). 2. 2 Formation Kamal Quadir registered CellBazaar as a U. S. business and moved into rapid-action mode. He raised the necessary capital from Omidyar Network, Barred Rock Capital and Gray Matters Capital in the U. S. Soon, they had registered the company as a Foreign Direct Investor—a process which is normally quite byzantine in Bangladesh had filed a patent application with the Bangladesh patent office, and had signed an exclusive partnership with Grameenphone, the country’s largest mobile operator with 60% market share (Qadir K. Mohaiemen N. , 2009). 2. 3 Growth of Cellbazaar Over the year 2010, Grameenphone is the largest mobile phone operator in Bangladesh with over 23 million subscribers. Dubbed the â€Å"Craigslist of Bangladesh†, it is a mobile application that brings buyers and sellers together in a mobile environment where they can publish and retrieve information on goods or services. 35,396 posts for multiple products in 141 categories are available for viewing, ranging from livestock to education services to agri-produce to electronics. Users pay standard SMS, WAP and voice rates to access the service. Accodring to the world’s number one web site rating organization Alexa the web page of the CellBazar is in the 53th position in Bangladesh and its 98. % of the browse are made from Bangladesh. According to the www. alexa. com (viewed 16 December 2010, at BDT 2:58 pm) daily page viewed of cellbazaar is 13,011 and its daily advertisement cost is $238. 12. The diversity of products posted has resulted in constant innovation and change. As the company grows and matures, it looks set to be the first Internet model startup in Bangladesh’s history, with global media interest, local imitators, overseas expansion plans, and international-standard management and staffing. 2. Platform of Operation (http://corp. cellbazaar. com/) Short Message Service (SMS): SMS has been phenomenally popular since its introduction in Bangladesh. CellBazaar leverages the simple, widespread power of SMS to bring the market to phone. Wireless Application Protocol (WAP): WAP is the next generation of mobile phone technology. 12% of all mobile sets in Bangladesh are already WAP-enabled, and this number is growing rapidly. WAP provides an even faster experience as you browse a simple graphic menu to access the entire market space. WEB: WEB version shows the entire market at a glance on computer screen. Anyone with internet access can browse the market, and post items for sale. Interactive Voice Response (IVR): Any Grameenphone user can dial 3838 and listen to the latest items on the market in Bengali. After dialing 3838, users choose from 8 categories: Jobs, Mobile Phones, Agriculture, Motorcycle, Car, Electronics, Computers, and To-Let. Every few hours, users will hear new information through this service. 2. 5 Partners (http://corp. ellbazaar. com/) Grameenphone (GP): Grameenphone is the largest mobile telecommunication operator in Bangladesh by revenue and subscribers base. It incorporated on October 10, 1996 as a private limited company and commenced service on the independence day of Bangladesh- March 26, 1997. Grameenphone Community Information Centre (GP CIC): It is a shared premise for both Cellbazaar and GP. Katalyst: Katalyst aims at poverty reduction via private sector growth, mainly through small medium enterprises (SME) development. KATALYST is funded by DFID, SDC, Swedish Sida and Canadian CIDA and is implemented by Swisscontact and GTZ International Services and works together with the Bangladesh Ministry of Commerce Thakral: It is a Joint Venture between the Thakral Group of Singapore (operating in 30 countries) and Esquire Group of Bangladesh. Thakral is IBM’s exclusive representative in Bangladesh and works on software development on mainframes, data warehousing, etc. BracNet provides enterprise organizations with a high-speed dedicated Internet access via a Cisco Powered backbone engineered for mission critical data. It is an affiliation of Brac, the world’s largest non-government organization BRAC Bank Limited (BBL): BBL with institutional shareholdings by BRAC, International Finance Corporation (IFC) and Shorecap International has been the fastest growing Bank in 2004 and 2005. The Bank operates under a â€Å"double bottom line† agenda where profit and social responsibility go hand in hand as it strives towards a poverty-free, enlightened Bangladesh. Prothom Alo: Bangla daily newspaper â€Å"Prothom Alo† is Bangladesh’s largest circulation Bengali language newspaper and a key influence on cultural trends. CellBazaar provides Prothom Alo classifieds on the mobile phone. The Daily Star: English daily newspaper â€Å"The daily Star† is Bangladesh’s largest circulation English language newspaper. CellBazaar provides Daily Star classifieds on the mobile phone. Section Three: Conclusion and Recommendation 3. 1 Conclusion CellBazaar is a virtual marketplace that allows buyers and sellers to connect with one another and buy and sell goods and services using their mobile phones. CellBazaar enables entrepreneurs and small businesses in Bangladesh to start and grow operations in a market that wouldn’t otherwise be available in their local community, thereby creating jobs, stimulating the economy, and delivering products and services that improve the lives of millions of poor people. The service is not just mobile classified ads but a social development service. It cuts outs the middlemen for buyers and sellers which means more profit and savings for them. 3. 2 Recommendation CellBazaar successfully provides over 3. million buyers and sellers in Bangladesh masses of market information at their fingertips, unlike similar environments in developing markets. However, CellBazaar is limited to search facilities only. Its effectiveness in providing users with the full potential of mCommerce is restricted by two key factors: 1. A lack of a secure and trusted payment method to complete transactions on the system; and 2. A lack of cost-effective, reliable infrast ructure to permit delivery of goods to take place through the system. In addition, a critical success factor that is required in order to enable transactions to be completed on the system is trust between parties: trust that sellers will deliver goods that fit the description and quality standards previously communicated, and trust that the buyer will make the payment. In other more sophisticated cellbazaar trusts is ensured by feedback mechanisms; this includes buyer and seller ratings, comment facilities, etc. A lack of policies which offer some kind of safeguards, should there be a breach in trust by either party will deter parties from engaging in transactions in an eMarketplace. References 1. Qadir K. Mohaiemen N. , â€Å"Cellbazar: A Market in your Packet†, innovation/mobile world congress, 2009, pp. 59-71 2. Stevenson. J. W. , â€Å"Operation Management†, McGraw-Hill Irwin, 2009, pp. 397-471 3. http://corp. cellbazaar. com/ 4. www. wikipedia. org 5. www. alexa. com 6. CB Amazon – lirneasia. net ———————– WEB IVR WAP SMS Platform GP BRAC Net Thakral Katalyst GPCIC Prothom Alo The Daily Star BRAC Bank Content Partners Technological Partners Educational Partners Core Partners Partners How to cite Cellbazaar, Burgeoning Mobile Marketplace of Bangladesh, Essay examples

Tata Motors Unveils New Zest Sedan for Target - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theTata Motors Unveils New Zest Sedan for Target Market. Answer: Introduction The report will discuss in detail about the revamp strategy of Tata Motors in India with the help of a case study. Here it is important to understand that India in current time demographically and economically is positioned well for development since it is effectively serving local demand as well as rise in the options of export alternatives (Luthra et al., 2011). There is a forecasted rise in the working class population in India and it is also likely to assist as well as change the flourishing market for number of vehicles in private space. There is no doubt rise in the overall prosperity with simpler access to money and rise in affordability is also expected to see high volume of four wheelers in addition to two wheelers and it will also remain the main alternative for many purchasers supported by rise is in standard of living in rural areas as well as youth market including more and more women. Target Market Alternatives for Zest Sedan along with Best Alternative Following are the type of segmentation in Indian automobile industry for a vehicle like Zest Sedan to sustain: - Geographic: this kind of segmentation is considered one of the crucial grounds of segmentation in the present automobile sector specifically in large countries like India. The reason is that the situation here is different in different regions. In order to take segmentation in the country, the manufacturer of tractor usually aim on different areas where agriculture of main significance and will target on those farmer who have large amount of land based on holding and have the right kind of resources to buy the tractor (Govindan et al., 2010). On the contrary, there are number of commercial automobile companies as well that would actually segment the whole market on the basis of focus of sectors in different region. In addition to it, there are luxury car manufacturers as well that will actually target the region of metropolitan cities for the purpose or motive of sales of their product where the small care manufacturers will also take into consideration the development of cities and many townships by taking into account at the time of process based segmentation of the products (Ray and Ray, 2011). Demographic: another significant basis for the same in the automobile sector is demographic segmentation. This kind of segmentation work as a base of marketing of products as per the income, age and status. Carmakers of small cars like Nano and many similar cars in this segment will mainly aim on the segment of people attached to the middleclass and it comes under demographic kind of segmentation (Jahanshani et al., 2014). Psychological: this type of segmentation comes up with diverse kinds of models of the products. This has been because of the case based on cars and where companies normally come up with two or sometime three kind of similar model and it has been also noticed by the analyst of industry that these variants of the medium of the model can sell the most of the products (Sturgeon and Van Biesebroeck, 2010). Behavioral: this type of segmentation is done on the basis of advantages that are sought through different status like loyalty and many more. This is an significant kind of segmentation in the automobile sector and it is important for many luxury car manufacturers (Ray and Ray, 2011). The best kind of target market or the basis of segmentation for Zest sedan which Tata Motors must take is Demographic segmentation and divide the market as per the income level and affordability of the people since the car is made for middle income group. Different ways for the research study on Zest Sedan along with option It is important to understand here that when there is an attempt to study a population, it is important to collect information from every part and every person in that group. This further makes it very challenging to study the concept of population. For instance, in case of the study based on population suffering from Schizophrenia in country like India can be huge or opinion of the people or total population liking raisins can also be different and huge (Ill, 2014). So now one can understand the challenges while understanding and studying populations. There are smaller populations like college that are easier for collecting data for population. But the main challenge here is that if one person also fails to be a part of population, this can mean that there is no population at all. There are two kind of population or it is divided into two groups: - Target population which means that there is whole group of people to which the author or the person who is researching can base to generalize the finding of complete study. Accessible population: this kind of population means that the researcher actually has a reasonable or proper access and can be treated as a subset of the whole target population. It is usually limited to region, city, country, regions or some time an organization or an institution (Ill, 2014). In this case Zest Sedan from Tata Motors will have to take accessible population because it is important to accessible population here since the product launch will target a specific region and a specific class of people for which is car is made and it is actually suitable for them (Ill, 2014). Types of defining Sampling Frame for the research study on Zest Sedan along with option At the time of working the research study, it is important that people clarify all types of units that are actually interested in studying the samples. There are units that can be associated with people, companies or the present documents. The research will also cover these units with varied population of interest. At the time of discussing the population, it is also significant to be as specific as possible. The issue here is that it is cannot be always about the feasibility of the studying the each unit in the population. It is obvious that the process consumes a lot of time and it is not very inexpensive by nature and can cost a fortune to some in order to collect data from every person in the population (Smolensky and Fitzgerald, 2010). In such cases, it is also important to study a part or subset of the population in the form of sample which will make the process much convenient and simple. The overall process at the time of selecting the sample requires being quite deliberate b y nature and there are different kinds of sampling methods that can be used based on the motive of research. Before the selection of a sample one requires discussing the sampling frame and is actually a list of all kinds of population based on interest. The research can be conducted with research finding to the population discussed and defined with the help of sampling frame only. Types of Defining Sampling Approach for the Research Study on Zest Sedan along with Option There are number of social researchers who base their observation on the fact that getting information from people in the population is very difficult and some time not very possible. So in the place of an attempt to collect all kind of information, the trick here is to collect a small sample of population (Smolensky and Fitzgerald, 2010). However, population like anything else has different kinds to collect a sample for population. There are different manners of taking a samples and following are different kind of sampling techniques: Random sample: every person in the population must get the equal opportunity of getting selected. Stratified sample: An author can easily divide the population into varied group based on features, and sometimes researchers can randomly select from every group which is based on the overall size (Marucco et al., 2011). Quota based sample: the authors can intentionally set the needs to make sure a specific group that can be presented. Purposive: an author sometimes with motive aims on specific subset in the population. Convenience: the overall selection in this kind of sample is usually based on the overall need of the gaining the access. Probability and non-probability techniques: the basic different or distinction between probability and non-probability methods of sampling that these kind of sampling does not based on any random selection however, probability sampling does depend on the random samples. This means that non-probability samples never relies on the overall rationale of the present probability principle. Sometime, a probabilistic based sample is based on some odds or possibility that people have in representing the population in right manner (Thompson, 2013). Here estimation is easy with confidence based intervals for the statistics. Various non-probability samples may also show the population in right manner and it usually will be very hard for people to understand the concept. Generally, the authors or researchers asks especially for probabilistic or random sampling approach over non-probability one and further consider them to more right as well as rigorous by nature. At the same time, there are vario us applied science based there can be situation where it may not be very feasible or right or sometimes very practical to perform such random based sampling. The case study of Zest Sedan launch by Tata motors can use the stratified sampling approach. This approach helps in dividing the population into distinct groups and they are termed as strata. Probability samples or simple random sample is also drawn here from every group (Thompson, 2013). This kind of sampling will help Tata Motors to decrease the overall size of sample needed to accomplish a given amount of precision. It is also possible to raise the level of precession with same type of sample size. Effectiveness of Stratified Approach One of the biggest benefits of using stratified approach in this case here is that it helps in decreasing the biasness in selection. It is also important to understand here that the process of stratifying the complete population before the actual application of random sample technique assist in making sure that a sample can rightly show the population being a part of terms of the criteria being used for the sake of stratification (Thompson, 2013). The process will be effective also because it can be used in appropriate manner since it make sure that every group or subgroup within the existence of population is able to reach a right of representation within the present sample. Conclusion On local level, there are some kind of consolidation or in other word alliances that are expected as well as driven with the need to access for the better based of technology with right manufacturing abilities, services and finally an effective distribution channels. The component sector is also in a very strong space to take full advantage of cost effectiveness along with profitability and global recognition with many engineering abilities (Thompson, 2013). The advantages of the present collaboration is becoming more clear along with super specialist that can further emerge as the automobile that can be treated as a whole system with every specialist aiming on a kind of sub-system as well. Reference Govindan, K., Kannan, D. and Noorul Haq, A., 2010. Analyzing supplier development criteria for an automobile industry.Industrial Management Data Systems,110(1), pp.43-62. Ill, P.A.R.T., 2014. SAMPLING CONCEPTS Population.Nursing Research-E-Book: Methods and Critical Appraisal for Evidence-Based Practice, p.231. Jahanshani, A.A., Hajizadeh, G.M.A., Mirdhamadi, S.A., Nawaser, K. and Khaksar, S.M.S., 2014. Study the effects of customer service and product quality on customer satisfaction and loyalty. Luthra, S., Kumar, V., Kumar, S. and Haleem, A., 2011. Barriers to implement green supply chain management in automobile industry using interpretive structural modeling technique: An Indian perspective.Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management,4(2), pp.231-257. Marucco, F., Boitani, L., Pletscher, D.H. and Schwartz, M.K., 2011. Bridging the gaps between non-invasive genetic sampling and population parameter estimation.European Journal of Wildlife Research,57(1), pp.1-13. Ray, S. and Ray, P.K., 2011. Product innovation for the people's car in an emerging economy.Technovation,31(5), pp.216-227. Smolensky, N.L. and Fitzgerald, L.A., 2010. Distance sampling underestimates population densities of dune-dwelling lizards.Journal of Herpetology,44(3), pp.372-381. Sturgeon, T. and Van Biesebroeck, J., 2010. Effects of the crisis on the automotive industry in developing countries: a global value chain perspective. Thompson, W. ed., 2013.Sampling rare or elusive species: concepts, designs, and techniques for estimating population parameters. Island Press.

Public sector reform in China

Introduction The public sector or rather known as the state sector is that part of the government that deals with provision of services to the public. Though the administration and type of services provided differs from country to country, the most common services provided through the public sector include; health care facilities, roads, street lighting, military and police just to mention but a few. In other words, the public sector is responsible for providing the public goods and services which all have access to despite whether they have paid tax or not.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Public sector reform in China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The public sector of any nation has an important role to play in the political, social and economic sectors. Thus most countries are yearning to establish a sizeable public sector and China is no exception. It is for this reason that China has been seeking to make reforms in its public sector for effective government of the national resources as well as other reasons. However, the process of making public reforms in the public sector of China has not been an easy one as it has been faced with many challenges and difficulties during implementation. This paper is therefore an analysis of the process of reforming China’s public sector while looking at the challenges and difficulties faced during the implementation process. The historical narrative of public sector reforms of China For a long time now, China’s government has ventured into the process making important reforms to the public sector in a bid to achieving good governance as well as improving the performance of services of the civil society. The process of China’s public sector reforms began as early as during the Second World War. During this time, Chine was dominated by capitalist who wanted everything for themselves. There came the Neo-liberals whose ide as were to blend in the liberal political views with the sole aim of improving the economic growth. This is therefore what initiated the beginning of making reforms in the public sector so as to ensure that resources were equally distributed to the nationalities. At the same time China was undergoing severe fiscal crisis which in turn affected the economy of the country thus the economic crisis. This came about due to the great Asian crises which were more serious than the current global crisis. This is because they had a great impact on the economies of Asian countries by for example increasing the unemployment levels in that continent among other factors. The crises also had a great impact on the education and health sectors of the Asian countries, China inclusive. Since government intervention was difficult, the crises affected the poor people in the society. As a result, the government of China saw the need of making reforms in its public sector so as to ensure some of the essen tial facilities were available to the society and especially to the poor people.Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition to this, China has been trying to quench its thirst for effective and efficient public sector. The government has been yearning to improve the performance of civil services as well as improving the services to the public through accountability. Despite the fact that in the recent past improvements has been made, serious changes are yet to be made on the key sectors and systems of the public sector (McMillan and Naughton 132). Another thing that influenced the need to make reforms in the public sector of China is the influence of neo-liberal ideas and consequential criticism of the Weberian based public administration. This emphasised on economic growth of china which could be effectively improved by the efficiency in the public sector. This was a two w ay, in that citizens who are happy with the government will be willing to work hard thus improving the economy growth. At the same time, reforms on the public sector would lead to cost benefit to the government thus contributing to the productivity hence economic growth of the country. Public reforms made in China Beyond the historical background of the public sector they are seen to have a very high degree of heterogeneity characterised by the following pre-reform regime (Burns 104). The public sector was neither a government department nor a state owned enterprise. It was fully owned and managed by the central government. This sector got its funds from the national budget which it used to finance all its projects. The activities of the public sector were to be conducted in accordance with the state plan The staffs of the public sector were to be controlled by the civil service personnel. The operations of the public sector were barred from the market operations. From the aforeme ntioned points, it is clearly seen that there was need for the reforms to be made on the public sector of China. Some of these reforms include; Decentralisation from central to local government This was among the initial reforms made to the public sector whereby the local government was bestowed the duty of managing and providing public services. This was meant to ensure efficiency in terms of transparency of the provision of the public goods and services unlike when under the management of central government. The breakdown of duties from the busy central government to the less occupied local government was a good move since the society benefited from the services provided equally while the government reduced the amount of resources that initially went to waste due to inefficiency.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Public sector reform in China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reduction of public services provided by the state As mentioned above, public goods and services are usually provided to the entire society and accessed by all despite whether they have paid taxes or not. The funds to provide these services are usually from the taxpayers’ money. Thus reducing the amount of public services to be provided by the state was a good move by China’s government as the money could be channelled towards other developmental projects. A good example was the withdrawal of free education while still providing essential services such as military and roads among others. Increasing the practise of local government of charging fees for basic services’ These services were initially free thus the government had to fund their provision. Therefore the decision to charging little fee on these services enabled the government to save while at the same time earning from the fee charged. This would therefore upgrade the economy of the country. Market sector implementation in EPZs Th e Export Processing Zones have the benefit of earning foreign exchange for the country as well as providing employment. Since provision of employment to the public is among the core functions of any public sector, China’s government plan to implement the export processing zones was one of the important reforms which benefited the society. De-collectivisation of the rural commune system The rural areas of any nation form part of the great contributors to the country’s economy. As part of its reforms in the public sector, China decided to de-collectivise the rural commune system such that it would control it towards efficiency of the whole system. These are just some of the reforms made on the public sector, however, the process is continuous with reforms being made each time there is a need for one. This is due to the rapid rate of globalization which calls for each and every government to be on the lookout before being beaten up by the global competition. Challenges Fa cing Public Sector Reforms The process of making reforms on the public sector has not been a bed of roses for the Chinese government as it has been forced to meet and overcome many challenges in the process line (Jincheng 5). To begin with is the problem of introducing the new public management service in the country. The new public management is among China’s reforms on the public sector which entails the transformation of the mode of governance in public departments.Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It therefore requires them to be market and enterprise oriented such that the process of administration is modernised in the country. The implementation of the new public management is a big challenge to the government of China given its difficulty in administration which is only best suited to the private products and the service demanded products that can be provided by the market. The other challenge that the Chinese government is facing as a result of the public reforms is that of protecting the civil servants from arbitrary removal. For a long time in China, the civil servants have been faced with arbitrary removal from their positions given the high rate of corruption. This is something very difficult to overcome despite the fact that the public sector reforms have catered for it. Therefore, for the public sector under the local government to protect the civil servants is a big challenge. The third challenge facing the government of China as a result of public sector reforms i s protecting their political neutrality. After the public sector reforms, the political environment in China is deemed to be neutral. This is a new development whose chances of achievement and survival are very minimal given the fact that the political environment was heterogeneous from time immemorial. This abrupt change is therefore bound to pose a great challenge to the public sector once the reforms are effectively implemented (Schiere 78). In addition to the above challenges, there is also the challenge of policing the set rules by an independent body from the government. Since the public sector is not able to pollicise all the rules on its own, it has to subcontract some of them to an independent body to help in the implementation and policing. This is a challenge as it will require financial resources from the government as well as some formal training on the processes. In some cases acquiring the right independent body is a challenge as well getting one that will efficiently pollicise the rules. Last but not least is the greatest challenge of the merit reforms of the public sector of China. The merit reform of China encompasses the merit pay systems of the public sector such as the health facilities, teachers in schools just to mention but a few. The aim of the merit system is to stimulate the enthusiasm of the workers in the public sector so that they can work efficiently and effectively. The government will face a big challenge in implementing the merit reforms as it will require supplementary funds which may not be available in the government. Therefore, the government will face the challenge of sourcing the additional funds which could be from the taxpayers or donors among others. How does it harm or benefit the Chinese citizens and government The process of reforming the public sector has both positive and negative impacts on the citizens and the government. The same case applies to China, whose reforms have resulted to benefits to the government and its citizens while at the same time causing draw-backs. If the objectives of the China reforms of the public sector are attained, then the citizens will enjoy many benefits among them being; Improved performance of the public sector- The public sector is enacted by the government to take care of the public needs. Therefore, if reforms are made regarding its governance, then it means that the Chinese citizens will have access to the essential public services such as the military at all times without instances of failure (Chen et al, 217). Accountability- This means that the funds allocated to the public sector will be well spent since the responsible officials are obliged to give an account of how the funds are spent. This will therefore reduce the cases fraudsters thus ensuring that the public services are available at all times in adequate levels. Improved Service Delivery- This was among the objectives of China’s reforms on public sector such that when achieved, the pub lic services and goods will be provided in the right way. That is to mean that the service delivery will be upgraded so that the citizens have access to them and in the correct form and quality. For example, the military will be well equipped with good ammunition to safeguard the citizens. Increased user satisfaction- After the reforms, the citizens will be satisfied with public services in accordance to their provision and efficiency of the system. This satisfaction will therefore increase the zeal of the citizens to pay taxes since they can effectively determine where their money goes to. For instance, if citizens lack services like street lighting, good infrastructure and poor military and police forces, they will not be motivated to pay taxes since their money is just being consumed by the government officials without serving the right purpose it is supposed to. The Chinese government will also benefit from the public sector reforms by first gaining trust from the citizens. Afte r the reforms, public services will be efficiently provided thus making the citizens gain a lot of trust in the responsible government since it will have efficiently managed their funds in addition to caring about the welfare of its citizens (Copenhagen 1). Other than this, the government will have an easier way of managing the public services since it will now be the duty of the local government and not the central government unlike before. This is due to the fact that the central government has a lot of operations to carry out as compared to the local government which additionally is closer to the citizens. Negative impacts of the public sector reforms It can be born witness that the reforms on the public sector have more benefits than harm on both the government and Chinese citizens. Nevertheless, the process of making the reforms is very costly to the government consuming a lot of financial and time resources. Other than this, the reforms require that the government be very effe ctive and efficient in the provision and management of the public services while taking care of the resources. This obligation poses a threat to the officials since they are accountable of any procedure and activity they carry out. As for the case of the Chinese citizens, the tax evaders will be disadvantaged as the government will be on the lookout for them so as to ensure uniformity of all citizens without oppressing other. Another demerit on the citizens is that some of the services that were initially free for them will be withdrawn making them pay for them. In other instances, they will be required to pay higher taxes so that the government can efficiently provide the public utilities to the citizens. The difficulties faced in implementation of new public sector and the possible solutions Just like most countries, China has the dream of being an all-round well off society by the year 2020. This vision is to be achieved only if the political and economical sectors of the country are up to date. This is to mean that the government should broaden their vision to think of sustainable human development instead of only concentrating on political issues. The government should also be prepared to overcoming disparities in the service delivery sector thus ensure transparency, efficiency as well as integrity. The process of achieving all these is not an easy one as there are very many difficulties that have to be overcome in order to ensure proper implementation of reforms in the public sector. The biggest difficulty that China is facing is how to ensure that the public services are adequately provided to the society. This is because the public good s and services are available to all regardless to whether they have paid taxes or not. It is therefore unfair for the tax evaders to enjoy services which they have not paid for yet their counterparts the tax payers have struggled to pay for them. This is what brings about the free-riding problem which is very difficult to overcome. Hence, the public sector has at times faced inadequate funds to cater for the provision of these essential services, thus posing a great threat for them. In other instances, the funds to provide the public service have landed in the wrong hands of fraudsters who embezzle the funds thus no services to the public (Broadman 852). Secondly is the problem on how to develop an efficient public sector one that will be characterised as a modern market economy as well as a â€Å"well-off† society. A modern economy is characterised by transparency in its dealings and effectiveness in service provision. This is difficult to achieve given the bureaucracy required in the provision of the public goods and services as well as the presence of tax defaulters. Therefore, to overcome these implementation difficulties and the many minor ones, the public sector reform should be enacted to begin with a vision which the sector should be entitled to look at and achieve. Thereafter a str ategy with implementation plans should be put in place so as to ensure efficiency in the public sector is achieved. Conclusion Given the above discussion on the public sector reform of China, it is evidenced that the decision by the Chinese government to make reforms on its public sector was a worth making decision. The historical factors that facilitated the need for reforms such as the economic and fiscal crisis, quest for efficiency and effectiveness in the public services, the post world war two neo-liberals as well as the influence of neo-liberal ideas and consequential criticism of the Weberian based public administration all have much contribution to China’ s current position. However, the road to achieving the reforms has not been an easy one for the Chinese government which has been faced with many challenges together the difficulties during implementation of the new public sector to the country. On the other hand, it has been seen that the new public sector after th e reforms has had both benefits and negative impacts on the citizens as well as the government. All in all the public reforms have changed the face of Chinese public sector thus contributing greatly to its economic growth. The question then remains, Are the reforms in the public sector permanent or prone to change? It can be argued that reforms are prone to change given the changes in globalisation and technology. Works Cited Broadman, H. The Business (es) of the Chinese State. 2001- World Economy. 24 (7). Pp.849-875. Burns, John. Public Sector reform and the state: The case of China. 2001. McGraw Hill publications. Chen, K, Jefferson, G, and Singh, I. â€Å"Lessons from China’s Economic Reform.† 1992- Journal of Comparative Economics, 16 (2). pp. 201-225. Copenhagen. â€Å"Globalization and Public Sector Reforms in India and China.† 2011. Web. Jincheng, Li. China’s Human Resources Development and Public Sector Reform  Facing Economic Globalization. 200 1. Web. McMillan, J. and Naughton, B. â€Å"How to Reform a Planned Economy: Lessons from China?†- 1992, Oxford Review of Economic Policy. 8 (1). Pp.130-143. Schiere, Richard. China’s Development Challenges. – 2009. Routledge Print. This research paper on Public sector reform in China was written and submitted by user Naomi Woodard to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sir Robert Borden Biography

Sir Robert Borden Biography Prime Minister Robert Borden led Canada through World War I, eventually committing 500,000 troops to the war effort. Robert Borden formed a Union Government of Liberals and Conservatives to implement conscription, but the conscription issue split the country bitterly - with the English supporting sending troops to help Britain and the French adamantly opposed. Robert Borden also led in achieving Dominion status for Canada and was instrumental in the transition from the British Empire to the British Commonwealth of Nations. At the end of World War I, Canada ratified the Treaty of Versailles and joined the League of Nations as an independent nation. Prime Minister of Canada 1911-20 Highlights as Prime Minister Emergency War Measures Act of 1914 Wartime Business Profits Tax of 1917 and the temporary Income Tax, the first direct taxation by the Canadian federal government Veterans benefits Nationalization of bankrupt railways Introduction of a professional public service Birth June 26, 1854, in Grand Prà ©, Nova Scotia Death June 10, 1937, in Ottawa, Ontario Professional Career Teacher 1868-74Lawyer in Halifax, Nova ScotiaChancellor, Queens University 1924-30President, Crown Life Insurance 1928President, Barclays Bank Canada 1929President, Canadian Historical Association 1930 Political Affiliation ConservativeUnionist 1917-20 Ridings (Electoral Districts) Halifax 1896-1904, 1908-17Carleton 1905-08Kings County 1917-20 Political Career Robert Borden was first elected to the House of Commons in 1896.He was elected Leader of the Conservative Party in 1901 and was Leader of the Opposition from 1901 to 1911.Robert Borden led the Conservatives to victory in the 1911 general election on a platform against reciprocity or free trade with the United States, defeating Sir Wilfrid Laurier and the Liberals.Robert Borden was sworn in as Prime Minister of Canada in 1911.He also served as President of the Privy Council from 1911 to 1917, and as Secretary of State for External Affairs from 1912 to 1920.In order to implement conscription, Robert Borden formed a coalition Union government with many Liberals. The Union government won the 1917 election but had only three Quebec members.Robert Borden retired as Prime Minister of Canada in 1920. Arthur Meighen became the next Prime Minister of Canada.

15 Tips for Getting Hired After the College Graduation

15 Tips for Getting Hired After the College Graduation You’re in a brave new world and searching to get a handle on getting hired after the college graduation. Let’s take a look at 15 tips you’ll be incredibly glad you came across. #1 Job Search Begins on Day 1 If you don’t have a job, then getting one is your job. What’s college for? Getting a job, which is reality means making money. The vast majority of college students are betting (with some serious leverage) on the idea that their education is going to equal a good job down the road. You should start looking for your ideal career on the first day of your freshmen year. Every move you make should be towards that goal. If you don’t know what the goal is, then you should put college off for a year and†¦get a job. Start looking right now. Heres the list of the best summer jobs which can be a good start if you need money right away. #2 Create on Online Presence If you do not have an online presence, even a free ultra-amateurish one, then get on it. No, you do not have to invest tons of time. Simply set up a free blog and a Facebook page. Start there. Online you’re connected to everyone and everything. At this point you need to have one, and being able to network online is a valuable asset. #3 Show Off Your Stuff Don’t be coy, but don’t be ridiculous either. There’s no time to waste. It’s like missing the opportunity to meet an amazing person because you were shy. Life’s too short. Make your move and let your skills sell themselves. #4 Pursue Internship with Clarity Internships are both incredibly worthwhile and hyper-competitive in most cases. Don’t wallow in misery for a year hoping for that ideal internship. Give it your best efforts, but know when to cash in your chips for more readily available career paths. #5 Apply Selectively Don’t shotgun your approach to job applications. Do your homework and only apply to those positions or companies who you can be of the best service to. #6 Hire a Freelancer to Create Your Resume Don’t even think about winging either your hard or soft copy resume. It’s almost an absolute waste of time and you’ll be burning bridges as you go. Instead, spend maybe $50-$100 to get help with your resume from a professional writer. Ideally, one who specializes in writing resumes for your specific career goals (nurses, lawyers, acupuncturists etc.). #7 You’re Always Networking 100% of the time, if you’re awake and breathing you’re networking. It’s a part of life. The difference is that once you’re aware of that, you can then better position yourself to benefit from it. #8 Fix Your Attitude First If you’re life’s not going so well and the job hunt is leaving you empty-handed, the first things you probably need to fix are your attitude and disposition. #9 Come Prepared Don’t show up unprepared if the destination could present potential networking opportunities. Furthermore, if you go to an interview, know everything there is to know so that you’re more likely to impress. #10 Develop a Personal Brand No matter who you are, or what you studied, there are probably lots of people with this knowledge. The ONLY thing that really sets you apart from other candidates is you. #11 Aim for Experience (Wisdom) If you’re alive and above water, then aim for the experience jobs or positions can give you. Not the pay. In today’s world results and experience are worth 100 x what a diploma or degree is worth on the open job market. #12 Sport an Entrepreneurial Mindset It’s an era of the entrepreneur. It really is! The #1 rule of the entrepreneurial mindset is that behind every problem or dilemma is an opportunity. The trick is being able to spot opportunity and needs, and then taking action. #13 Compile an Asset List Sit down and figure out everything you have to offer the world. Write it all down, each thing, no matter how simple. You’ll find that your education and the small amount of things you thought were your only assets, are only a small portion. #14 Optimize Your Efficiency Remember the 80/20 rule. 20% of what you do every day is responsible for 80% of the results you experience. Do you have free time? What else can you be doing? What can you do more of in less time? #15 Throw Conventional Approaches Out the Window Not altogether, just recognize that due to powerful technological and socioeconomic reasons, everything is changing. This includes not only how people look for work, but how they get hired. Use everything at your disposal because in the real world getting ahead is hard. So, how about it, would you alter this list or add to it in anyway? What other tips would you give to the grads that could really use a solid paycheck and a rewarding career?

Legal Fictions (Plato, Xenophon and Henry David Thoreau) Essay

Legal Fictions (Plato, Xenophon and Henry David Thoreau) - Essay Example describes Socrates tone as almost ‘arrogant’ and Plato also observes that the philosopher speaks from a ‘high standing’ and uses a ‘lofty manner’ in his address. Secondly both agree that Socrates used the Oracle in his defense. Socrates claimed that the Oracle had declared him the ‘wisest’ and ‘most prudent’ of all people. Furthermore both describe Socrates claim that a divine voice guides him in his mission. Ans.3. Socrates refers to his mission to find the wisest man as a ‘labor of Hercules’ in his speech of defense. He implies that he has wandered far and wide and made a Herculean effort to find a man wiser than himself. (Plato) About to die at the hands of his corrupt worldly judges, Socrates longs for true justice in the after life. He mentions three judges of Hades (the underworld) - Minos, Rhadamanthus and Aeacus.(Plato) Ans.4. According to Thoreau the only place in a slave state in which a free man can abide with honor is prison. Three groups that can find him there are the Mexican prisoner, the fugitive slave and the Indian come to plead his case. No man of honor can live without protesting the injustice done to these three groups by the government, and by law the state imprisons all dissenters. Thus the only abode of the true supporters of these oppressed groups is prison. Ans.5. "Now what are they? Men at all? Or small moveable forts and magazines, at the service of some unscrupulous man in power?† This quote is taken from the essay ‘Civil Disobedience’. Here Thoreau mocks the mentality of the soldiers who follow the law so strictly that they are ready to die and kill for it even when they know that a particular law or order is morally unjust. â€Å"As they live and rule only by their servility, and appealing to the worse, and not the better, nature of man, the people who read them are in the condition of the dog that returns to his vomit†. This quote is taken from the essay ‘Slavery in Massachusetts. Thoreau is

Critical issues in psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Critical issues in psychology - Essay Example Given the complexity of gender formations and roles, it is very common to develop gender dysphoria (Crooks and Baur 2008, p.62). Those with a prolonged, extreme degree of transgenderism are known as transsexuals. Transgenderism differs from one’s sexual identity because the former is linked with the psychological coefficients of how one views or is viewed one’s gender roles (Bockting and Goldberg 2007, p.83). Varying degrees of interpretations and connotations are normally associated with how transgendered people are seen in societies. Cultural aspects too play a pivotal role in acknowledging individual and social roles for persons with gender dysphoria (Samovar et al. 2009, p.158). Before further probing into the topic some basic ideas need to be defined. Sex is defined as the biological status of a person like male or female which can be determined by visual inspection during birth. Gender refers to the social status of any person or rather social manifestation of a person’s sex, such as womanhood or manhood (Kendall 2008, p.322). Transgender can be of three types: transgender female persons – those who have female physical attributes but think of themselves as men either partially, or fully; gender crossing females – those who reassign their genders so as to live part or full-time as men; and female-to-male (FTM) transsexed – those who were born females sexually but identity themselves as men and live as men do, but have not fully achieved socially recognizable manhood. Sexual orientation means a form of romantic, emotional and sexual attractions to men, women, both or neither. A transvestite is one who cross-dresses. Nowadays the term "transvestite" and "cross-dresser" are used synonymously (Valentine 2007, p.263). The exact basis of gender dysphoria is unknown, and there are many debatable possible causes. Sadock et al. argue that gender identity disorders can be

Tragic Hero Macbeth Essay Example for Free

Tragic Hero Macbeth Essay 1. In the Shakespearean tragedy, â€Å"The Tragedy of Macbeth†, Macbeth himself did not come from noble stature, but instead he followed into the line of kingship, and had presented himself with outstanding qualities; such as strong abilities out on the battlefield. 2. The hamartia presented in Macbeth resulted in Macbeth’s own murder against his good king Duncan, in order to gain power, fame, and fortune for his own pleasure. Macbeth himself had a hubris or pride and passion that he allowed to take over his decisions, leading to his tragic downfall. 3. Macbeth’s downfall itself was led by his own freewill, overridden by his own arrogant confidence. Proof he had taken done this to himself is said so by Macbeth, â€Å"I am in blood stepped in so far that, should I wade no more, returning were as tedious as to go o’er.† (Act III, Scene 4, Line 136-138). 4. As the audience, pity was expressed dearly through Macbeth’s possible and yet great human potential, â€Å"I have lived long enough†¦and that which should accompany old age, as honor, love, obedience, troops of friends, I must not look to have.† (Act V, Scene 3, Line 22-26). 5. The first signs of awareness are when Macbeth puts together the real predictions granted to him by the three apparitions, â€Å"Let every soldier hew him down a bough and bear it before him.† (Act V, Scene 4, Line 4-7). He is then lead to accepting his fate or anagnorisis, right before Macbeth is slain by Macduff, â€Å"I will not yield, to kiss the ground before young Malcolm’s feet†¦I throw my warlike shield. Lay on, Macduff.† (Act V, Scene 8, Line 27-24). Part Two: By using Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero, I would conclude that Macbeth is indeed a tragic hero. Macbeth’s tragic flaw mostly described as his passion, where he would contemplate over and over with his very own reasoning, in which passion overrules all of his humanly common senses; this causes an imbalance between human reason and passion thus leading to tragic consequences or rather the hero’s tragic death.

The Physics of Car Collisions Essay -- Physics

Basic Concepts Issac Newton was the first to state the concepts that are necessary to understanding the physics of collisions. His three laws are used again and again in all the fields of physics: Newton's 1st Law In the absence of external forces, an object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion with a constant velocity. This law can be best observed in space, far from the gravity of a star or planet, where there is no friction or air resistance. If, in the middle of deep space, you give a rock a little push, it will continue with the direction and velocity you gave it forever. The only way to stop it is to apply a force in the opposite direction. This law is not intuitive because we are surrounded by air and gravity - if we give a rock a little push on the surface of the earth, it won't travel far. Newton's 2nd Law The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. This boils down to force equals mass times acceleration, F = ma. This little equation turns out to be immensely useful, again and again. If you add together all the forces acting on an object, they equal the mass of the object (in kg) times the acceleration of the object (in m/sec^2). Force is measured in newtons. One newton is the force required to accelerate a 1-kg mass to 1 m/sec^2. Newton’s 3rd Law The force exerted by object 1 onto object 2 is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force exerted by object 2 onto object 1. This law appears to make little sense and can be difficult to grasp. If you push on a brick wall, the wall is pushing back on you with an equal force. If the wall was not pushing back, then your hand wou... ... hammer hitting a concrete wall is about 3,600,000. Sources: Barr, L.C. Safety Report. 1996. University of New Hampshire. 26, Nov. 2002. Borges, Danny. The Physics in Car Collisions. 22, Nov. 2002. Braking Distance. 2002. University of Idaho. 26, Nov. 2002. Safety Fact Sheet. 1999. Airbag Testing Technology, Inc. 26, Nov. 2002. Serway, Raymond A., and Robert J. Beichner. Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Fifth edition. Thomson Learning Inc. U.S.A., 2000. Toor, Amrit, Michael Araszewski and Ravinder Johal. Technical Assessment of Seatbelt Usage and Effectiveness. 2000. Intech. 26, Nov. 2002.

Us Economy After the Civil War

MSS220 US Economy After the Civil War The north and the south both experienced a slight struggle after the Civil War concerning agriculture, commerce and the state of the economy. A southern newspaper out of Augustus County, The Staunton Spectator, offered several articles that gave insight as to what the conditions were like after the war had ended. One article, â€Å"Grape Culture† explained the possible profit one could obtain by adding grapes to their normal crops. Grapes were extremely expensive when fully grown since they were used mostly for wine.Although farmers were not skilled enough to make the wine themselves, they could sell the grapes and make a total of 400-500 dollars per acre after purchasing seeds for less than 100 dollars. This article shows that most agriculture in the south was not as profitable as it was before the war. The push to increase agricultural revenue shows that this was a time of struggle. Another article, â€Å"Our Town and Its Business† stated that the farmers had been doing well and making some profit despite the poor conditions that followed the war.It described the south as thriftier than ever, with more energy and industry than they had before the war. The article â€Å"Home Industry† pushed the notion of making their own products at home in the south rather than supporting the north and sending away for household items. Both articles seemed optimistic and supported the idea that southern industry would become stronger in the future. The Valley Spirit was a newspaper from the north in Franklin County, whose articles provided the same insights.One article â€Å"The Coming Crops of this Country† explained that the year before had not been very profitable but that in the coming harvest, conditions were ideal. The crops would have a much higher yield than the year before, leading to much more revenue for northern farmers. This article shows the northerners had high hopes for larger profits than the preceding year and for agricultural prosperity. Another article â€Å"Business in Chambersburg† urged farmers to do their business locally rather than in larger cities. Buying produce from local stores costs just as much as it did in the larger cities . It was also heaper to buy products in bulk from the local stores since discounts were given when products were bought in larger quantities. Again, the article shows that saving money was of high interest to the northerners and that local support was needed. Both newspapers show that the economy all over the country was not as strong as it was before the war. They both seem to focus on the increase of agricultural profit, saving money and an optimistic outlook on the future. Though the articles showed that the north and south did not want to support each other, it was obvious that they were going through the same struggles.

The Road Not Taken

The poem â€Å"Road Not Take;† by Robert Frost explores decision making as part of a complex nature of human race involving contradictory emotions of fear for unknown future, regret for the possible wrong choice and acceptance and pride in defining an individual. The lack of foresight and fear for choosing wrongly result the hesitance in making choices. The diverged roads symbolises choosing between two decisions. The inverted word order â€Å"long I stood† emphasizes the length of time Frost has taken to try and speculate about the features about each path.However, he fails to comprehend what lays beyond as the second path is â€Å"just as fair† as the first one, revealing the lack of insight contributing to the uncertainty in making decisions. Although the alliteration, â€Å"wanted wear†, hints the second road is not a popular choice, Frost has chosen it to be different, yet his insecurity about the future still makes him doubting his decision with the word choice of â€Å"perhaps†. Although eventually a choice is made, Frost is still unsure his decision and the regret for choosing possibly wrongly.In the title, â€Å"The Road Not Taken†, the word â€Å"not† shows him wandering the result of choosing the well accepted road thus illustrate his regret in choosing the probable harder path. The emotional attachment with â€Å"knowing way leads on to way†, his acknowledges the impossibility to face the same decision again and regret the hardship faced in the unconventional path. The exclamation mark in â€Å"Oh, I kept the first for another day† expresses his desire to have an opportunity to re-choose.After experiencing the fear and regret in making decision, the tone of poem turns and accepted towards end of the poem. The phrase of road â€Å"less travelled by† illustrates his gratification to be different and accept his unique choosing. The enjambment of â€Å"I-/ I took the one less travell ed by† emphasises on â€Å"I†, which demonstrates a sense of pride in being who he is. The poem ends with â€Å"all the difference† reveals his recognition of his less accepted choice defining who he is as an individual.The complex nature of decision making is explored in â€Å"Road Not Taken† thoroughly with effective techniques. Lack of foresight results fear for choosing wrongly and ambivalent decisions. Regrets for making the less chosen road leaves one to wander the result of the widely accepted road. Making decision involves acceptance and pride also as it defines an individual separate from others. Decision making can happen uncountable times in a lifetime and determination and unique thoughts are required no matter which road one chooses. The Road Not Taken A. in pairs ,read the situation below, copy the headings below into your notebooks and make two lists to help you decide what you would do . Your friends are traveling abroad during the vacation and you really want to join them. However , you have been offered a fantastic summer job. You are afraid if you miss this opportunity ,you may not get another one Pros traveling abroad| Pros of taking the job| To have fun| To get money | To visit new places| To be successful| To have close relationship with our friends . | To be more responsible. | To break the routine. | To know new things . | B.What do you usually do when you have a problem or dilemma to solve? Do you follow the steps above? Explain Think of a problem you have solved and tell your partner. Were there any additional steps you used you reach your decision? No, I don't follow the steps, Because I have someone adult that I trust him and talk to him any thing and she will help me . Vocabulary practice:- A. Match the words in A t o their meanings in B. 1. traveler b. someone who goes to places far away 2. equally d. the same 3. doubt e. not sure about something 4. diverge a. divide 5. undergrowth c. plants and bushes . wanted wear g. needed to be walked on 7. wood I. forest 8. make a difference h. change something 9. claim f. demand B. complete the sentences with the words below. Make any necessary changes. 1. The speaker was sorry that he could not take both roads. 2. The traveler could not decide which road to choose. They both looked equally fair. 3. The speaker looked down the road to where it bend in the undergrowth. 4. One way always lead on to another, so the speaker doubt that he would ever come back. 5. In the future, the speaker will be telling about his experience with a fair. A.Describe or draw the scene that the poet describes. One person has a dilemma, he has to choose one road out of two, the choice was risky and adventurous , he choose the less traveled road and he made all differences . B. A nswer the questions. 1. A stanza is a group of lines which form a unit in a poem. Which stanza describes the main idea? Main idea| Stanza | 1. The speaker decides to take the less-traveled road. | 2| 2. The speaker describes his location. | 1| 3. The speaker's decision changed his life. | 4| 4. The speaker doesn't think he will ever try the other road. | 3| 2.What does the poet like about the second road considers? The speaker took the second road that was grassy and wanted wear. 3. Find the lines in the poem that have a similar meaning to each sentence below. a. I wished that I could walk down both road : lines 2. b. I chose the less-traveled road : line 18-19. c. I didn't think I would ever return to try the other road : line14-15. d. I will only know if I made the right decision in the future : lines 17. e. The choice I made affected my whole life: line 20 A. What is the setting of the poem? The place : in the forest( yellow wood) . The Time : Summer/In the morning B.You learned about the thinking skill of problem solving on page 19. What is the speaker's dilemma in the poem and how does he solve it? Complete the graphic organizer below . Use the thinking skill of problem solving to help you . Problem/Dilemma Option 1: The road bends and disappeared in the undergrowth. Option 2 : The road looks â€Å"grassy and wanted wear â€Å". Solution: The speaker choose option (2) because, it is less trodden on and less used. C. Writers often use metaphor, a comparison between two things. For example, â€Å"happiness is a smile†. In the road not taken, the writer describes a fork in the road with two different paths.What are the paths compared to? Explain. The two different paths in the wood are compared to the options we can choose. or ways we can travel ,in life. D. Answer the question. 1. What is the speaker's motive for choosing one way over the other. The speaker choose the road that grassy and wanted wear he choose the road that is less traveled because , he want to be different from others, and he want to have a special life. 2. What kind of person do you think the speaker is ? (For example :conventional, unconventional, spontaneous, deep thinking, boring, adventurous).I think the speaker have a special brain he want to hear life is the best from another people , he is a risky person (adventures). E. Answer the questions. 1. Why doesn't the speaker think he will ever have a chance to walk the other road? What does this tell us about our decisions? The speaker doesn't think that he will have a chance to back to choose the other road , He think that on way lead to another that on think lead to another and should never come back when we choose a decision we should know what to choose . 2. How does the speaker feel when he makes his choice? How do we know this?The speaker was not sure of this decision he was doubt if he should ever come back or not he was confused and we see that in the poem in (line 5). 3. The speaker does not yet kn ow how his choice has affected his life. He says he â€Å"shall be telling this with a sigh / somewhere ages and ages hence†. How does the speaker think he will feel about the choice he made? The speaker says that he will tell about his decision in future with a sigh and that sigh might with a relief for choosing the right decision or with a great to choosing the wrong decision if it was wrong or true , it make a change in his life . . Why do you think the writer called the poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken† instead of â€Å"The road Taken†. I think that the writer called the poem â€Å"The road not taken† because, it might be the road that most people don't choose it and he want to different from others so he take the less traveled road. F. A device that poets often use to give structure to their poetry is rhyme, the repetition of sounds at the end of the line. Robert Frost used rhyme in this poem. Which words rhyme? Would,stood,could Both,undergrowth Fair,w here,there Claim,sameLay,day,way Black. back Sigh,I,by Hence,difference A. read the background information. Robert frost (1874-1963) was born in san Francisco , California, but spent most of his life in a rural area of New England in the northeastern part of the United states . the area is know for its hills , woods , farms , and small towns , which frost depicts in his poems Frost Claims that the poem , THE ROAD NOT TAKEN ,(published in 1916) was written about his friend Edward Thomas with whom he walked in the woods in London , where he lived from(1912-15).Frost said that while walking , they would come to different paths , and after choosing one, Thomas would worry ,wondering what they might have massed by not taking the other path. B. Robert Frost is often called a New England poet. How is this reflected in the poem The road Not Taken? Answer the questions. 1. Did you enjoy reading the poem? Why or why not? Yes I enjoy reading the poem if makes my think twice when I want to choo se a hard decision and never come back because one think in life leads to another . And I love the speaker because he have a good brain and A nice ideas and he want to be a best person in his life . . What did you learn from reading the poem ? I learned that taking a different road that people do not take is not bad because, we can discover new things, and make differences. 3. do you think that being aware of the stages of problem solving will help you make better decision and solve problems more easily in the future ? Yes, knowing the stages of solving problems can help me solve problems easily its clear the problem that I can suggest many solutions . The Road Not Taken Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I couldTo where it bent in the undergrowth; Then took the other, as just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim Because it was grassy and wanted wear, Though as for that the pa ssing there Had worn them really about the same, And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden black. Oh, I marked the first for another day! Yet knowing how way leads on to way I doubted if I should ever come back. I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I, I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference. Robert Frost

Data From A Distillation Lab essays

Data From A Distillation Lab essays The focus of the experiment conducted was to extract a component (ethanol) from a two part miscible solution (ethanol boiling points through a process called fractional distillation. Precise measurements were taken to assess the purity and percentage of the distillate collected. The process of fractional distillation extracted the ethanol through a series of cyclical evaporation and condensation processes and proved to be effective , yielding a ethanol distillate percentage of 90%. This index provided an analysis of the quality of separation achieved. Distillation is a process of refinement. A method in which a substance is extracted and purified from its solution. Fractional distillation, an extension of the simple distillation process is complex in nature and requires much more than one simple evaporation technique. An overview of fractional distillation and its practicality is related to temperature. In simple distillation the liquid components that are to be extracted vary in boiling point temperature (Celsius)by at least 25 degrees. The more volati le liquid with the lower bp is ideal for extracti on in these circumstances and will evaporate more readily and proficiently than that of the The question is with that being said, is how do we purify a component from its mixture when the bp is less than 25 degress C? How will this be done in an efficient manner and how will this be done to yield the highest results? The process of simple distillation is neither profici ent or efficient in this situation. It would require a distillation head the size of the empire state building and exhaustive measures to c...

How to Avoid Burying the Lede of Your News Story

How to Avoid Burying the Lede of Your News Story Every semester I give students a news writing exercise from my book about a doctor who is giving a speech about fad diets and physical fitness to a group of local businesspeople. Midway through his speech, the good doctor collapses of a heart attack. He dies en route to the hospital. The news of the story may seem obvious, but a few of my students will invariably write a lede that goes something like this: Dr. Wiley Perkins gave a speech to a group of businesspeople yesterday about the problems with fad diets. Whats the problem? The writer has left the most important and newsworthy aspect of the story - the fact that the doctor died of a heart attack - out of the lede. Typically the student who does this will put the heart attack somewhere near the end of the story. Thats called burying the lede, and its something that beginning journalists have done for eons. Its something that drives editors absolutely nuts. So how can you avoid burying the lede of your next news story? Here are some tips: Think about whats most important and newsworthy: When you cover an event, think about what part of it, whether its a press conference, lecture, legislative hearing or city council meeting, is likely to be the most newsworthy. What happened that will affect the greatest number of your readers? Chances are thats what should be in the lede.Think about what you find most interesting: If youre hard-pressed to figure out whats most newsworthy, think about what YOU found most interesting. Experienced reporters know that all people are basically the same, meaning we generally find the same things interesting. (Example: Who doesnt slow down to gawk at a car wreck on the highway?) If you find something interesting, chances are your readers will as well, meaning it should be in your lede.Forget chronology: Too many beginning reporters write about events in the order in which they occurred. So if theyre covering a school board meeting, theyll start their story with the fact that the board began by reciting the pledge of allegiance. But no one cares about that; people reading your story want to know what the board did. So dont worry about the order of events; put the most newsworthy parts of the meeting at the top of your story, even if they occurred midway through or at the end. Focus on actions: If youre covering a meeting, such as a city council or school board hearing, youre going to hear lots of talks. Thats what elected officials do. But think about what actions were taken during the meeting. What concrete resolutions or measures were passed that will affect your readers? Remember the old saying: Actions speak louder than words. And in a news story, actions generally should go in the lede.Remember the inverted pyramid: The inverted pyramid, the format for news stories, represents the idea that the heaviest, or most important, news in a story goes at the very top, while the most lightweight, or least important news, goes at the bottom. Apply that to the event youre covering and itll probably help you find your lede.Look for the unexpected: Remember that news by its very nature is usually the unexpected occurrence, the deviation from the norm. (Example: Its not news if a plane lands safely at the airport, but its definitely news if it crashes on the tarma c.) So apply that to the event youre covering. Did anything happen that those present didnt expect or plan on? What came as a surprise or even a shock? Chances are, if something out of the ordinary happened, it should be in your lede. Like when a doctor has a heart attack in the middle of a speech.

Evaluation of the Responses Made by Dretske as Pertains to Chisholms Assignment

Evaluation of the Responses Made by Dretske as Pertains to Chisholms Claims - Assignment Example It was the philosopher Fred Dretske who took to investigating the various claim that was made by the late Roderick Chisholm who postulated that intentional states could only possibly be mental states. In making this claim, Chisholm was seen to derive the claim mainly based on the thesis proposed by Franz Brentano the nineteenth-century philosopher in his book â€Å"Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint†. Chisholm’s Claim that Intentionality cannot be naturalized and Dretske’s Response to the Claim A key feature of various mental states is their actual content. An example is that in the event that I essentially believe it will snow, my actual belief as at the moment can be seen to represent a state of the weather and when I chance to see a dog, I become perpetually aware of that cat. My innate belief that it is eventually going to rain may be seen to be inaccurate or accurate, my perception as to the existence of the cat may be imprecise or precise and my desire to be loved my eventually be satisfied or unsatisfied. Brentano postulated that intentional states were essentially solely mental states and thus distinguished mental states from the physical states because they are objects of awareness and non-spatial in nature. Brentano further contends that this perceived ‘intentional inexistence’ is generally exclusive to psychical phenomena and that there are no physical phenomena that can essentially be said to have it (Feldman & Feldman 2008). The Intentionality of thought can basically be accounted through mental expectations, semantics, and language. All these factors serve to actively demonstrate psychological intention and therefore cannot be explained in non-intentional or non-psychological terms. For Chisholm intentionality cannot essentially be naturalized because it is impossible to identify any such psychological fact with a physical fact. For Chisholm, the use of various intentional sentences essentially means that all our currently existing beliefs about various psychological phenomena an essentially be sufficiently expressed through them although it is impossible to do so for physical phenomena (Feldman & Feldman 2008). A good example of this is the sentence ‘Diogenes searching for an actual honest man†, this sentence can be perceived to be an intentional statement because it is seen not to rely on the relative veracity of there necessarily being an honest man or not.  Ã‚